Prof. Dr. Stephanie Hackert
Chair of Linguistics of the Contemporary English Language
Institute of English Philology
Office address:
Schellingstraße 3
Room 431 VG
Chair of Linguistics of the Contemporary English Language
Institute of English Philology
Office address:
Schellingstraße 3
Room 431 VG
Varieties of English, pidgin and creole languages, sociolinguistics, corpus linguistics, discourse analysis
I do not advise work in ELT or TESOL, on languages other than English, or in English literature. Please check my web page for overlap in areas of interest before applying for supervision, support, or hosting for DAAD scholarships, LMU Research Fellowships, and the like!
Hackert, Stephanie, ed. Fc. The Oxford Handbook of English and Creole in the Caribbean. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2012. The Emergence of the English Native Speaker: A Chapter in Nineteenth-Century Linguistic Thought. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
At least since Chomsky (1965: 3) famously defined linguistic theory as "concerned primarily with an ideal speaker-listener, in a completely homogenous speech-community," the native speaker has been conceived of as "a common reference point for all branches of linguistics" (Coulmas 1981: 1). Over the past twenty-five years, however, dissatisfaction with the concept has grown, particularly in connection with the study of the so-called "World Englishes," which are often divided into "native" (e.g., British, American, or Australian Englishes) and "non-native" varieties, the latter often also summarized under the label "New Englishes" and denoting the increasingly autonomous forms of the language spoken especially in non-Western settings such as India, Singapore, or Nigeria. A number of researchers (cf. Singh 1998) have pointed out in this context that, while there may be linguistic differences between native and non-native speakers of English, these differences are not what matters, as the native speaker is really a political construct carrying a particular ideological baggage.
The present study maintains that many of the associations that burden the native speaker and make the concept's application in the World Englishes context problematic have a long history. Employing a corpus of texts that extends from the mid-nineteenth century to just after World War I and includes not only the classics of the linguistic literature but also collections of lesser known periodical articles such as Harris (1995), it analyzes some of the discourses surrounding the emergence of the English native speaker. What this analysis shows is that the second half of the nineteenth century was a period in which people started to think differently about languages and their speakers. As a new term characterizing particular language users and setting them off from other groups, the native speaker provided an important way of conceptualizing and labeling a particular linguistic identity and drawing boundaries between some speakers and others. In sum, if we are to understand the ideology of the English native speaker today, we need to understand, as fully as possible, the historical origins of the assumptions and beliefs upon which it rests.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2004. Urban Bahamian Creole: System and Variation. Varieties of English Around the World G32. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
This volume, a detailed empirical study of the creole English spoken in the Bahamian capital, Nassau, contributes to our understanding of both urban creoles and tense-aspect marking in creoles. The first part traces the development of a creole in the Bahamas via socio-demographic data and outlines its current status and functions vis-à-vis the standard in politics, the media, and education. The linguistic chapters combine typological and variationist methods to describe exhaustively a comprehensive grammatical subsystem, past temporal reference, offering a discourse-based approach to such controversial categories as the preverbal past marker. The quantitative analysis of variable past inflection, finally, tests not only well-known constraints, such as stativity or social class, but also ethnographically determined ones, such as narrative type. Its results are relevant not only to the study of Caribbean English-lexifier creoles and related varieties, such as African American English, but also to variation and change in urban dialects generally.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2001. I did done gone: Typological, sociolinguistic, and discourse-pragmatic perspectives on past temporal reference in urban Bahamian Creole English. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Heidelberg.
Bohmann, Axel. 2025. English Across Borders: A Reflexive Approach to Anglophone Migrants' Repertoires. Varieties of English Around the World G72. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Wengler, Diana. 2025. Dialect on Air: Bahamian Creole in Historical Radio Broadcasts. Varieties of English Around the World G71. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Laliberté, Catherine. 2023. Urban Panamanian English. Varieties of English Around the World G70. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Hess, Dominique B. 2023. Saipanese English: Local and Global Sociolinguistic Trends. Varieties of English Around the World G69. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Wilson, Guyanne & Michael Westphal, eds. 2023. New Englishes, New Methods. Varieties of English Around the World G68. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Mühleisen, Susanne. 2022. Genre in World Englishes: Case Studies from the Caribbean. Varieties of English Around the World G67. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Kytö, Merja & Lucia Siebers, eds. 2022. Earlier North American Englishes. Varieties of English Around the World G66. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Schröder, Anne, ed. 2021. The Dynamics of English in Namibia. Varieties of English Around the World G65. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Eberle, Nicole. 2021. Bermudian English: A Sociohistorical and Linguistic Profile. Varieties of English Around the World G64. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Honkanen, Mirka. 2020. World Englishes on the Web: The Nigerian Diaspora in the USA. Varieties of English Around the World G63. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Rüdiger, Sofia. 2019. Morpho-Syntactic Patterns in Spoken Korean English. Varieties of English Around the World G62. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Deshors, Sandra C., ed. 2018. Modeling World Englishes. Assessing the Interplay of Emancipation and Globalization of ESL Varieties. Varieties of English Around the World G61. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Westphal, Michael. 2017. Language on Jamaican Radio. Varieties of English Around the World G60. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Meierkord, Christiane, Bebwa Isingoma & Saudah Namyalo, eds. 2016. Ugandan English: Its Sociolinguistics, Structure and Uses in a Globalising Post-Protectorate. Varieties of English Around the World G59. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Percillier, Michael. 2016. World Englishes and Second Language Acquisition: Insights from Southeast Asian Englishes. Varieties of English Around the World G58. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Seoane, Elena & Cristina Suárez-Gómez, eds. 2016. World Englishes. New Theoretical and Methodological Considerations. Varieties of English Around the World G57. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Edwards, Alison. 2016. English in the Netherlands. Functions, Forms and Attitudes. Varieties of English Around the World G56. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Hickey, Raymond. 2015. Researching Northern English. Varieties of English Around the World G55. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Bernaisch, Tobias. 2015. The Lexis and Lexicogrammar of Sri Lankan English. A Corpus-Based Study. Varieties of English Around the World G54. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Schützler, Ole. 2015. A Sociophonetic Approach to Scottish Standard English. Varieties of English Around the World G53. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Biewer, Carolin. 2015. South Pacific Englishes. A Sociolinguistic and Morphosyntactic Profile of Fiji English, Samoan English and Cook Islands English. Varieties of English Around the World G52. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Prescod, Paula, ed. 2015. Language Issues in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Varieties of English Around the World G51. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Hundt, Marianne & Devyani Sharma, eds. 2014. English in the Indian Diaspora. Varieties of English Around the World G50. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Buschfeld, Sarah, Thomas Hoffmann, Magnus Huber & Alexander Kautzsch, eds. 2014. The Evolution of Englishes. The Dynamic Model and Beyond. Varieties of English Around the World G49. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Rosen, Anna. 2014. Grammatical Variation and Change in Jersey English. Varieties of English Around the World G48. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Zipp, Lena. 2014. Educated Fiji English. Lexico-Grammar and Variety Status. Varieties of English Around the World G47. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Buschfeld, Sarah. 2013. English in Cyprus or Cyprus English. An Emprirical Investigation of Variety Status. Varieties of English Around the World G46. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Lange, Claudia. 2012. The Syntax of Spoken Indian English. Varieties of English Around the World G45. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Migge, Bettina & Máire Ní Chiosáin, eds. 2012. New Perspectives on Irish English. Varieties of English Around the World G44. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Hundt, Marianne & Ulrike Gut, eds. 2012. Mapping Unity and Diversity World-Wide. Corpus.Based Studies of New Englishes. Varieties of English Around the World G43. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Hackert, Stephanie, Georgia Ivins & Gregory Wolfe. fc. "Rhoticity in Bahamian English: Internal vs. external factors and the question of Americanization".
Hackert, Stephanie & Diana Wengler. 2026. "Producing linguistic authenticity: A soap opera as a source of historical Creole data?". In Sven Leuckert, Sofia Rüdiger & Tobias Bernaisch, eds. Evolving Englishes: Varieties Through Space and Time. London: Routledge, 8-26.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2026. "North American-Caribbean linguistic connections." In Natalie Schilling, Derek Denis & Raymond Hickey, eds. The New Cambridge History of the English Language: North America and the Caribbean. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 819-52.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2025. "World Englishes and the native speaker." In Carol A. Chapelle & Eric Anchimbe, eds. The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics (World Englishes). 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal20137.
Hackert, Stephanie, Catherine Laliberté, Robert Mailhammer, Diana Wengler & Ronia Zeidan. 2025. "Past marking in Australian Aboriginal English on Croker Island: Local vs. cross-variety patterns and principles." Journal of English Linguistics 53/1: 32-62. DOI. 10.1177/00754242241298990.
Hackert, Stephanie, Catherine Laliberté & Diana Wengler. 2024. "Past inflection around the world: A cross-variety analysis of New Englishes." Lingua 307. (Special issue on non-standard morphosyntactic variation in L2 Englishes world-wide, ed. by Peter Collins & Bernd Kortmann). DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2024.103776.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2022. "The epicenter model and American influence on Bahamian Englishes." World Englishes 41: 361-76. DOI: 10.1111/weng.12583.
Hackert, Stephanie & Diana Wengler. 2022. "Recent grammatical change in postcolonial Englishes: A real-time study of genitive variation in Caribbean and Indian newswriting." Journal of English Linguistics 50/1: 3-38. DOI: 10.1177/00754242211052490. [accepted manuscript]
Deuber, Dagmar, Stephanie Hackert, Evan Canan Hänsel, Alexander Laube, Mahyar Hejrani & Catherine Laliberté. 2022. "The norm orientation of English in the Caribbean: A comparative study of newspaper writing from ten countries." American Speech 97/3: 265–310. DOI: 10.1215/00031283-8791736.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2021. "Creole distinctiveness? Insights from English-lexifier pidgins, creoles, and related varieties." In Danae Perez, Marianne Hundt, Johannes Kabatek & Daniel Schreier, eds. English and Spanish: World Languages in Interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 92-114. DOI: 10.1017/9781108623469.006.
Hackert, Stephanie, Alexander Laube & Diana Wengler. 2020. "English in The Bahamas and developmental models of World Englishes: A critical analysis." In Sarah Buschfeld & Alexander Kautzsch, eds. Modelling World Englishes: A Joint Approach to Postcolonial and Non-Postcolonial Varieties. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 251-73. DOI: 10.1515/9781474445887-015. [accepted manuscript]
Hackert, Stephanie. 2019. "The perfect in English-lexifier pidgins and creoles: A comparative study." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 34: 195-242. DOI: 10.1075/jpcl.00039.hac. [accepted manuscript]
Hackert, Stephanie. 2019. "Memoirs from Central America: A linguistic analysis of personal recollections of West Indian laborers in the construction of the Panama Canal." In Raymond Hickey, ed. Keeping in Touch. Emigrant Letters across the English-Speaking World. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 261-85. DOI: 10.1075/ahs.10.12hac. [accepted manuscript]
Hackert, Stephanie & Alexander Laube. 2018. "You ain't got principle, you ain't got nothing: Verbal negation in Bahamian Creole." English World-Wide 39/3: 278-308. DOI: 10.1075/eww.00015.hac. [accepted manuscript]
Hackert, Stephanie. 2017. "The native speaker in World Englishes: A historical perspective." In Susanne Mühleisen, ed. Contested Communities: Communication, Narration, Imagination. Amsterdam: Rodopi. DOI: 10.1163/9789004335288_004.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2016. "Standards of English in the Caribbean: History, attitudes, functions, features." In Elena Seoane & Cristina Suárez-Gómez, eds. World Englishes: New Theoretical and Methodological Considerations. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 85-112. DOI: 10.1075/veaw.g57.05hac. [accepted manuscript]
Hackert, Stephanie. 2015. "Pseudotitles in Bahamian English: A case of Americanization?" Journal of English Linguistics 43: 143-67. DOI: 10.1177/0075424215577966.
Hackert, Stephanie & Dagmar Deuber. 2015. "American influence on written Caribbean English: A diachronic analysis of newspaper reportage in the Bahamas and in Trinidad and Tobago." In Peter Collins, ed. Grammatical Change in English World-Wide. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 389-410. DOI: 10.1075/scl.67.16hac.
Hackert, Stephanie & Anne Schröder. 2014. "Comparing tense and aspect in pidgins and creoles: Dahl's questionnaire and beyond." In Silvia Mergenthal & Reingard M. Nischik, eds. Anglistentag 2013 Konstanz: Proceedings. Trier: WVT, 349-60.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2014. "Series editor’s preface." In Sarah Buschfeld, Thomas Hoffmann, Magnus Huber & Alexander Kautzsch, eds. The Evolution of Englishes: The Dynamic Model and Beyond. Amsterdam: Benjamins, ix-x. DOI: 10.1075/veaw.g49.001for.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2014. "The evolution of English(es): Notes on the history of an idea." In Sarah Buschfeld, Thomas Hoffmann, Magnus Huber & Alexander Kautzsch, eds. The Evolution of Englishes: The Dynamic Model and Beyond. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 282-300. DOI: 10.1075/veaw.g49.16hac.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2013. "Bahamian Creole." In Susanne Maria Michaelis, Philippe Maurer, Martin Haspelmath & Magnus Huber, eds. The Survey of Pidgin and Creole Languages. Vol. 1: English-based and Dutch-based Languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 127-38.
Hackert, Stephanie, Dagmar Deuber, Carolin Biewer & Michaela Hilbert. 2013. "Modals of possibility, ability and permission in selected New Englishes." In Magnus Huber & Joybrato Mukherjee, eds. VARIENG: Studies in Variation, Contacts and Change in English. Vol. 13: Corpus Linguistics and Variation in English: Focus on Non-Native Englishes. http://www.helsinki.fi/varieng/series/volumes/13/hackert_deuber_biewer_hilbert/.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2012. "Bahamian Creole." In Bernd Kortmann & Kerstin Lunkenheimer, eds. The Mouton World Atlas of Variation in English. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 180-96. DOI: 10.1515/9783110280128.180.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2012. "Regional profile: The Caribbean." In Bernd Kortmann & Kerstin Lunkenheimer, eds. The Mouton World Atlas of Variation in English. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 704-33. DOI: 10.1515/9783110280128.704.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2012. "Variation in educated speech: The case of Bahamian English." In Monika Fludernik & Benjamin Kohlmann, eds. Anglistentag 2011 Freiburg: Proceedings. Trier: WVT, 21-36.
Deuber, Dagmar, Carolin Biewer, Stephanie Hackert & Michaela Hilbert. 2012. "Will and would in selected New Englishes: General and variety-specific tendencies." In Marianne Hundt & Ulrike Gut, eds. Mapping Unity and Diversity World-Wide. Corpus-Based Studies of New Englishes. Varieties of English Around the World G43. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 77-102. DOI: 10.1075/veaw.g43.04deu.
Bruckmaier, Elisabeth & Stephanie Hackert. 2011. "Bahamian Standard English: A first approach." English World-Wide 32: 174-205. DOI: 10.1075/eww.32.2.03bru.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2010. "ICE Bahamas: Why and how?" ICAME Journal 34: 41-53. http://clu.uni.no/icame/ij34/
Hackert, Stephanie. 2010. "Creoles and the city: Testing sociolinguistic variables in a creole urban environment." In Peter Gilles, Joachim Scharloth & Evelyn Ziegler, eds. Variatio delectat: Empirische Evidenzen und theoretische Passungen sprachlicher Variation. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 239-54.
Hackert, Stephanie & John Holm. 2009. "Southern Bahamian: Transported AAVE or transported Gullah?" The College of the Bahamas Research Journal 15: 12-21. DOI: 10.15362/ijbs.v15i0.115.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2009. "Linguistic nationalism and the emergence of the English native speaker." European Journal of English Studies 13: 305-17. DOI: 10.1080/13825570903223541.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2009. "A discourse-historical approach to the English native speaker." In Thomas Hoffmann & Lucia Siebers, eds. World Englishes: Properties, Problems, Prospects. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 385-406. DOI: 10.1075/veaw.g40.23hac.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2009. " Of old and new Anglo-Saxons: The native speaker and nationalism in English-speaking countries." In Claudia Lange, Ursula Schaefer & Göran Wolf, eds. Linguistics, Ideology and the Discourse of Linguistic Nationalism. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 77-96.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2008. "Counting and coding the past: Circumscribing the envelope of variation in quantitative analyses of past inflection." Language Variation and Change 20: 127-53. DOI: 10.1017/S0954394508000033.
Hackert, Stephanie & Magnus Huber. 2007. "Gullah in the diaspora. Historical and linguistic evidence from the Bahamas." Diachronica 24: 279-325. DOI: 10.1075/dia.24.2.04hac.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2006. "Oral narrative and tense in urban Bahamian Creole English." In Ana Deumert & Stephanie Durrleman, eds. Structure and Variation in Language Contact. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 225-42.
DOI: 10.1075/cll.29.13hac.
Cutler, Cecilia, Stephanie Hackert & Chanti Seymour. 2006. "Bermuda and the Bahamas." In Ulrich Ammon, Norbert Dittmar, Klaus J. Mattheier & Peter Trudgill, eds. Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society. Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science 3/3. 2nd ed. Berlin, New York: de Gruyter, 2066-73.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2004. "I did know: Past marking in urban Bahamian Creole." In Christoph Bode, Sebastian Domsch & Hans Sauer, eds. Anglistentag 2003 München: Proceedings. Trier: WVT, 477-89.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2003. "Sociolinguistics." In Pavol Štekauer & Stanislav Kavka, eds. Rudiments of English Linguistics II. Prešov: Filozofická fakulta Prešovkej university, 71-120.
Stephanie Hackert. 2013. “Bahamian Creole structure dataset.” In Susanne Maria Michaelis, Philippe Maurer, Martin Haspelmath & Magnus Huber, eds. Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures Online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2011. "Bahamian Creole." In Bernd Kortmann & Kerstin Lunkenheimer, eds. The Electronic World Atlas of Varieties of English. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2024. "Review of Ansaldo, Umberto & Miriam Meyerhoff, eds. 2021. The Routledge Handbook of Pidgin and Creole Languages. London, New York: Routledge." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 39/2: 472-7. DOI: 10.1075/jpcl.24018.hac.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2016. "Review of Deuber, Dagmar. 2014. English in the Caribbean: Variation, Style and Standards in Jamaica and Trinidad. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press." English World-Wide 37: 225-30.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2009. "Review of Errington, Joseph. 2008. Linguistics in a Colonial World: A Story of Language, Meaning, and Power. Oxford, Malden, MA: Blackwell." English World-Wide 30: 332-7.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2009. "Review of Mesthrie, Rajend & Rakesh M. Bhatt. 2008. World Englishes: The Study of New Linguistic Varieties. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 24: 361-4.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2009. "Review of Huber, Magnus & Viveka Velupillai, eds. 2007. Synchronic and Diachronic Perspectives on Contact Languages. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins." English World-Wide 30: 119-22.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2006. "Review of Schreier, Daniel. 2005. Consonant Change in English Worldwide: Synchrony Meets Diachrony. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan." Journal of Sociolinguistics 10: 690-5.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2005. "Review of Plag, Ingo, ed. 2003. Phonology and Morphology of Creole Languages. Tübingen: Niemeyer." English World-Wide 26: 120-3.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2005. "Review of Winford, Donald. 2003. An Introduction to Contact Linguistics. Oxford, Malden, MA: Blackwell." English World-Wide 26: 113-6.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2004. "Review of Poplack, Shana & Sali Tagliamonte. 2001. African American English in the Diaspora. Oxford, Malden, MA: Blackwell." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 19: 400-6.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2004. "Review of Mühleisen, Susanne. 2002. Creole Discourse: Exploring Prestige Formation and Change Across Caribbean English-Lexicon Creoles. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins." English World-Wide 25: 159-62.
Hackert, Stephanie. 2003. "Review of Wolfram, Walt, Clare Dannenberg, Stanley Knick & Linda Oxendine. 2002. Fine in the World: Lumbee Language in Time and Place. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University." English World-Wide 24: 295-9.
Hackert, Stephanie. 1999. "Review of Bartens, Angela. 1996. Der kreolische Raum: Geschichte und Gegenwart. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 14: 171-6.
2019 - 2021: Member of the editorial board, Journal of English Linguistics
2011 - present: Editor, Varieties of English Around the World (Amsterdam: Benjamins)
2011 - present: Member of the editorial board, English World-Wide
2005 - 2009: Member of the executive board, German Society for English Studies (Deutscher Anglistenverband)
2003 - 2010: Member of the editorial board SKASE Journal of Theoretical Linguistics
2002 - 2008: Editorial assistant, English World-Wide